Don't think I haven't wondered why they didn't level up; Alfia and Zard were at the limits of their respective levels and defeated some legendary monsters! If completing one of the "three great quests" isn't enough to level up, then what does a level 7 have to do to level up to level 8...!? It's Omori's thing, it's not the first time a character does something that should level him up and he doesn't do it and it won't be the last.
I have serious reservations about Behemoth and Leviathan being level 9 because of the following analogy: Ottar is tied with Balor, if the others (Hogni, Hedin, Allen and the Bringar) help him they would win immediately, so if Leviathan was tied with the Empress of Hera and the others (Alfia, Zard, Maxim) help her they should win without problems. Reason that leads me to think that the monsters should have been at least level 10.
As for whether they were level 10, the level 7 adventurers would be fodder, not necessarily, Ouka, Mikoto, Welf and especially Bell could be of some help against Black Goliath after all, despite a difference of 3 levels.
Despite everything, I cannot categorically affirm that your proposal is incorrect. The idea that they were level 9 but had tricks that increased their difficulty also sounds plausible, in the case of the Behemoth we know for sure that it had its trick (the poison) and regarding Leviathan, well, perhaps being in the open sea it would have had much more mobility than Amphisbaena had fighting in a cave and that gives it a great advantage against adventurers fighting from the deck of a ship.
Finally, I mentioned the Diving AD to emphasize that underwater combat would not give him a universal advantage over all his opponents, especially if some of those who had it were level 6 or 7. I mentioned it because you were giving too much importance to the monster's underwater advantage :P.